Introduction
Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, which trap the hydrophilic drug in the middle cavity and hydrophobic drugs into the non-polar area present within the bilayer hence equally hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can be integrated into niosomes.1
For various decades, medication of an severe disease or a chronic sickness have been capable by delivering drugs to the patients passing through diverse pharmaceutical quantity forms like tablets, capsules, pills, creams, ointments, liquids, aerosol, injectables and suppositories as carrier. To achieve and then to maintain the absorption of medicine administered surrounded by the therapeutically useful collection essential for medication, it is often essential to obtain this type of drug delivery systems.2
The concept targeted drug delivery is intended for attempting to focus the drug in the tissues of while reducing the qualified concentration of the medication in the outstanding tissues. As a result, drug is confined to a small area on the targeted site.3
Niosomes are encapsulated in vehicles. The active agent surfactant is composed non-ionic bilayer. It is very important system in vascular structure of escapsulated drug, and reduce the toxicity. It is the different type of preparation of method. Niosomes are Structurally related to liposomes and also are equiactive in drug delivery future but high chemical strength make niosomes advanced than liposomes. Equally consist of bilayer, which is ended in non-ionic surfactant in the folder of niosomes and phospholipids in case of liposomes. Niosomes are atomic lamellar structure of size range between 10 to 1000 nm and consists of environmental, non-immunogenic and biocompatible surfactants.4
Salient features of niosomes
Noisomes can easily dissolve.
Niosomes are surrounding lively and stable.
Niosomes is comprising of hydrophobic and hydrophilic intrastructure.
The medication atoms with an extensive diversity of dissolvability.
The stability of niosomes increase the entrapped medicine.5
Advantages
Oral bioavailability is improved for the poorly soluble drugs.
The condition are the medication limiting is target cell
The medicine increases absorption of the properly applied to the skin
The medicine is commonly used to non-aqueous type
The surfactant used and also the prepare niosomes are biocompatible and biodegradable.
A condition is required in handling and storage of surfactants.
Its administration in different type of routes ex:- topical, inhalation intravenous intradermal etc
They made to reach for the site of action in oral, parenteral as well as current route.6
Structure of niosome
The vascular system is similar to liposome that can be used as carriers of amphiphilic and lipophilic drug. The action of les is improve the toxic drug in restricting by the cell.
Types of niosomes
Bola surfactant containing niosomes: The natural of the compound of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and active drug usually an anti-inflammatory agent.
Vesicles in water and oil system (v/w/o): In aqueous stage of niosomes from vesicle in water in oil emulsion. Niosomes set can be expansion of sorbitol monosterate and cholesterol. This result in vesicle in oil and water emulsion, and cool to the rom temperature in water and oil.
Deformable niosomes: These smaller vesicles can easily pass through the pores of stratum corneum, causing increase penetration efficiency. It is used in the topical preparation.5, 6, 7, 8
Component of niosomes
For the readiness of niosomes, two major components are utilised that is cholesterol and non-ionic surfactant. The following instrument is used for the preparation of niososmes.9, 10, 11
Non-ionic surfactants
Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant unilamellar or multilamellar vesicles formed from synthetic non-ionic surfactants.12
Conclusion
Niosomes is studied as an substitute to liposomes. Niosomal drug delivery system is one of the examples in the great progression in drug delivery technology. The idea of drug inclusion in the niosomes and target to the niosomes. The exact site is commonly accepted by researchers and academicians. Advantages in excess of the liposomes make it a recovered targeting agent, to the area of achievement for healthier efficiency.
