Introduction
Bhilawa
Semecarpus anacardium (Anacardiaceae) is a medium-sized tree found in moist deciduous forests across the country.1 It is commonly known as Bhilawa, Bladur in the Unani system of medicine.2 It has been used in the traditional system of medicine for various ailments and diseases. The fruit of the plant is used for its beneficial therapeutic effects to cure diseases. It is used as an anti-arthritic and cardiotonic agent. Biflavonoids, phenolics, bhilawanols, sterols, anacardic acids and glycosides have been identified as components of S. anacardium seed extract3 Based on chemical and spectroscopic data, several biflavonoids, such as jediflavanone, galluflavanone, nalluflavanone, semecarpetin, semecarpuflavanone and anacardiflavanone have been characterized.4 Jediflavanone is also capable of scavenging, semecarpuflavanone, semecarpetin and galluflavanone having a 7-OH group may contribute to the free chelating activity of S. anacardium,5, 6
Active Chemical Constituents7
The most important components of S. Anacardium Linn. As bhilwanols, phenolic compounds, Biflavonoids, glycosides. Fruit sterols and Bhilwanol were found to be mixtures of cis- and transisomers of ursuhenol; This compound mainly consists of 1,2,dihydroxy-3(pentadecadienyl 8′,11′)benzene and 1,2,hydroxy-3(pentadecadienyl 8′)benzene . The other isolated components are, anacardoside, semecarpetin, jeediflavanone, nallafl avanone, semecarpufl avanone, gallufl avanone, anacardufl avanone, mono- olefin I, diolefin II, bhilawanol-A, bhilawanol-B, etc
Taxonomical classification of semecarpus anacardium8
Herbal syrup
Herbal syrups prepared by adding concentrated extracts of herbs with sugar and alcohol have also been used. Herbal syrup is made with decoction. Mixing an herb with sugar helps to thicken the recipe and preserve it. This increases the shelf life of the formula. Added sweeteners can also help enhance the flavor of some herbs. The resulting syrup is delicious! It is defined as a thick, sticky liquid consisting of a concentrated solution of sugar and water with or without added flavoring or medicinal ingredients.9, 10, 11
Following are the ingredients used in formulation
Bhilawa Seed Extract: It is used in various herbal and ayurvedic treatment of cancer. The Soxhlet extracted alcoholic extract was obtained which was further filtered and used.
Orange oil: It consist fruit of plant citrus aurantium belonging to family: Rutaceae. It contains not less than 2.5% of volatile oil. It uses as antioxidant, anti-cancer and neurodegenerative disorder.12
Alcohol: It uses in small quantity act as preservative.
Invert sugar base: It was prepared by mixing 2 cups (480 mL) of water with 4.4 cups (1 kg) of granulated sugar and 1/4 teaspoon of cream of tartar in a pot. The mixture was boiled over medium heat until it reaches 236°F (114°C), stirring occasionally. Next, remove the mixture from the heat, cover, and let cool.13
Materials and Methods
Herbal syrup was prepared by decoction method. Bhilawa Seed Extract was obtained as fine extract from Herbal Creations Pvt Ltd. The extract subjected to prepare an ethanolic extract to obtain the ethanol specific active constituents by Soxhlet extraction method. Further the extract was filtered, and the aliquots of the quantities were used as given in the table to prepared formulations F1 to F4. All extract are mixed with each other and 50ml of syrup was obtained. The coloring agent, flavoring agent are added to it. This obtained syrup was transferred to amber color bottle, closed tightly and placed in cool dry place. Preparation of herbal syrup: The preparation of herbal syrup was performed as per quantities given in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 and evaluation parameters are shown in Table 6.
Table 2
Formulation No.1 (F1) - for 50ml.
|
Sr. No |
Ingredient |
Quantity |
|
1. |
Bhilawa Seed extract |
7ml |
|
2. |
Orange oil |
5ml |
|
4. |
Invert Sugar Base |
38ml |
Table 3
Formulation 2 (F2) - For 50ml.
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredient |
Quantity |
|
1. |
Bhilawa Seed extract |
5ml |
|
2. |
Orange oil |
2ml |
|
3. |
Invert Sugar Base |
33ml |
|
4. |
Alcohol |
10ml |
In above formula (F2), we used alcohol because in the formulation number 1 (F1), sugar was not able to inhibit the growth of fungi, so we use alcohol.
Table 4
Formulation 3 (F3) - For 50ml.
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredient |
Quantity |
|
1. |
Bhilawa Seed extract |
8ml |
|
2. |
Orange oil |
2ml |
|
3. |
Invert Sugar Base |
33ml |
|
4. |
Alcohol |
7ml |
The formulation number 2 was rejected because of more quantity of alcohol is use. In this formula we use alcohol as minimum quantity.
Table 5
Formulation 4 (F4) – for 50ml.
|
Sr. No. |
Ingredient |
Quantity |
|
1. |
Bhilawa Seed extract |
15 ml |
|
2. |
Orange oil |
4ml |
|
4. |
Invert Sugar base |
20ml |
|
5. |
Alcohol |
11 ml |
Table 6
Evaluation of herbal syrup
Following evaluation parameters were performed on formulation 4 (F4).
Specific gravity
Specific Gravity was evaluated by the formula as given below.
Specific gravity of liquid under test (syrup) = weight of liquid under test /weight of water = w5/w4.
Result and Discussion
The final formulation (F4) was obtained is stable than formulations F1, F2, F3. The formulation (F4) was obtained by minimizing the error in formulation F1, F2, F3. The formulation (F4) having antioxidant property hence it will be very helpful for researchers as well as industries to make the similar formulations on large scale.
Conclusion
The Herbal formulation was prepared and F4 can be formulated and prepared on large scale.
Acknowledgment
I express my gratitude to Dr Amit G. Nerkar, for funding this project through Ateos Foundation of Science Education and Research and for his precious suggestions and guidance for the completion of my project. We would like to express our obligation to CAYMET’s Siddhant College of Pharmacy, for providing all the necessary facilities to conduct the research work.
